Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change the analogue :: Computer Science

Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change the analogue to digital and the other way around Analogue to Digital Conversion Matt Davey Analogue to Digital Conversion is the way of converting a continous analogue signal to a series of digital binary numbers. This is done in many pieces of hardware by taking samples of the analogue signal and then each sample is digitised into a binary code by a microchip. This process is known as Quantization a process where a continuous signal is converted to a series of points at discrete levels. This process is specific to the music industry. In Computers Modulator Demodulators (Modems) are used to change the analogue to digital and the other way around. The modem uploads data to the Internet by converting it to an analogue signal and broadcasting it through the phone line, then when downloading it converts the analogue signal to binary 1’s and 0’s. The analogue wave is created by vibrations in the sound the waveform today is usually recorded into digital format by an Analogue Digital Converter (ADC). The Waveform is turned into a stream of numbers and the ADC records the numbers and feeds them through the speakers. In the computer world a modem is commonly used to connect to the largest Wide area network the internet. The modem uses ASCII Code to translate the waveform to the computer and then back to waveform to translate it and broadcast it over the phone line again. This was thought to be irreverent when ISDN came in because ISDN was a digital network but this didn’t take off because of the price and the work involved in setting one up but speeds of an ISDN reached 128kbps this was fast for the time. All ADCs work by sampling their input at intervals of time.

Expected Shortfall Essay

Part I describes the calculation ofVaR in its conventional form. For illustrative purposes, Part I will describe parametric VaR on a Gaussian distribution. Part II summarizes known weaknesses in VaR, from inherent model and estimation risk to VaR’s failure to perform under extreme economic stress and VaR’s failure to satisfy the theoretical constraints on â€Å"coherent† measurements of risk. Part Ill describes how to calculate expected shortfall as an extension of conditional VaR. It further describes how expected shortfall, but not VaR, provides a coherent measure of risk. Part Ill then reverses field. It explains how VaR, but not expected shortfall (or, for that matter, nearly every other general spectral measure of risk), satisfies the mathematical requirement of â€Å"elicitability. † Mathematical limitations on measures of risk therefore force regulators and bankers to choose between coherence and elicitability, between theoretically sound consolidation of diverse risks (on one hand) and reliable backtesting of risk forecasts against historical observations. Justin Smith Morrill Professor of Law, Michigan State University (effective July 1, 2013). This paper summarizes a presentation made on April 17, 2013, at Georgetown Law Center’s colloquium on international financial regulation, conducted by Professor Christopher J. drummer. I appreciate comments by Adam Candeub and Jeffrey Sexton. Special thanks to Heather Elaine Worland Chen. Jim Chen Page 1 Electronic copy available Conventional VaR Like modern portfolio theory and the entire edifice of quantitative finance derived from those beginnings,l conventional value-at-risk analysis assumes that risk is rguably represents the most important tool for evaluating market risk as one of several threats to the global financial system. Basel II identifies a version ofVaR analysis as that accord’s preferred tool for assessing banks’ exposure to market risk. 4 Authorities around the world have endorsed VaR, either as a regulator standard or as a best practice. Even absent regulatory compulsion, private firms routinely use VaR as an internal risk management tool, often directing traders to reduce exposure below the level prescribed by those firms’ own VaR limits.

Measuring Wind Speed in Knots

In meteorology (and in sea and air navigation as well), a  knot is a unit of speed  typically used to indicate  wind speed. Mathematically, one knot is equal to about 1.15 statute miles. The abbreviation for a knot is kt or kts if plural. Why Knot Miles per Hour?   As a general rule in the US, wind speeds over land are expressed in miles per hour, while those over water are expressed in knots (largely because knots were invented over a water surface).  Since meteorologists deal with winds over both surfaces, they adopted knots for the  for the sake of consistency. However, when passing along wind information to public forecasts, knots are typically converted into miles per hour for the publics ease of understanding.    Why Is Speed at Sea Measured in Knots? The reason why sea winds are measured in knots at all has to do with maritime  tradition.  In centuries past, sailors didnt have GPS or even speedometers to know how fast they were traveling across the open sea. So to estimate their vessels speed,  they crafted  a tool made up of a  rope several  nautical miles in length with knots tied at intervals along it and a piece of wood tied at one end. As the ship sailed along, the wood  end of the rope was dropped  into the ocean and remained roughly in place as the ship sailed away. The number of knots was counted as they  slipped off of the ship  out to sea over  30 seconds (timed using a glass timer). By counting the number of knots that unspooled within that 30-second period, the ships speed could be estimated.   This not only tells us where the term knot comes from but also how the knot relates to a nautical mile: it turned out that the distance between each rope knot equaled one nautical mile. (This is why 1  knot is equal to 1 nautical mile per hour, today.)   Unit of Measure Surface winds mph Tornadoes mph Hurricanes kts (mph in public forecasts) Station Plots (on weather maps) kts Marine forecasts kts Units of Wind for Various Weather Events & Forecast Products Converting Knots to MPH Because being able to convert knots to miles per hour (and vice versa) is a must. When converting between the two, keep in mind that a knot will look like a lower numerical wind speed  than a mile per hour.  (One trick to remembering this is to think of the letter m in miles per hour as standing for more.) Formula to convert knots to mph:#  kts * 1.15   miles per hour Formula to convert mph to knots:#  mph * 0.87   knots Since the SI unit of speed happens to be  meters per second (m/s), it might also be helpful to know  how to convert wind speeds to these units. Formula to convert knots  to m/s:#  kts  * 0.51   meters per second Formula to convert mph to m/s:#  mph * 0.45   meters per second If you dont feel like completing the math for the conversion of knots to miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph), you can always use a free online wind speed calculator to convert the results.

Tennessee Tech Admissions ACT Scores, Financial Aid...

Around two-thirds of applicants are admitted to Tennessee Tech University each year, making the school largely accessible to interested students. Along with an application, prospective students will need to submit high school transcripts and scores from either the SAT or the ACT. If you have solid grades (C average or better) and test scores (within or above the ranges listed below), you are on track for admission to Tennessee Tech. Admissions Data (2016): Tennessee Tech Acceptance Rate: 67%Test Scores -- 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 460  / 590SAT Math: 500  / 600SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanTennessee colleges SAT comparisonOhio Valley Conference SAT Score ComparisonACT Composite: 21 / 27ACT English: 21 / 28ACT Math: 20  / 26What these ACT numbers meanTennessee colleges ACT comparisonOhio Valley Conference ACT Score Comparison Tennessee Tech Description: Tennessee Technological University, more commonly called Tennessee Tech, is a comprehensive public university located in Cookeville, Tennessee. The small town is about an hour from the states three biggest cities -- Nashville, Knoxville and Chattanooga. Undergraduates can choose from 44 majors, and professional fields such as nursing, business, and engineering are most popular. Tennessee Tech does well in regional and national rankings for both the quality of its academic programs and the schools value. On the athletic front, the Tennessee Tech Golden Eagles compete in the NCAA Division I  Ohio Valley Conference. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 10,493  (9,438  undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 55% Male / 45% Female89% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $8,203  (in-state); $24,067 (out-of-state)Books: $2,300 (why so much?)Room and Board: $8,750Other Expenses: $6,000Total Cost: $25,253  (in-state); $41,117 (out-of-state) Tennessee Tech Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 98%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 96%Loans: 44%Average Amount of AidGrants: $8,937Loans: $5,1743 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Agriculture, Biology, Business Administration, Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Family and Consumer Sciences, Interdisciplinary  Studies, Marketing,  Mechanical Engineering, Liberal Arts, Nursing, Sociology Transfer, Retention and Graduation Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 79%Transfer Out Rate: 20%4-Year Graduation Rate: 25%6-Year Graduation Rate: 51% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Golf, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country, Basketball, BaseballWomens Sports:  Soccer, Softball, Volleyball, Golf, Basketball, Track and Field Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Tennessee Tech, You May Also Like These Schools: Vanderbilt University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLipscomb University: Profile  Sewanee, University of the South: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphLee University: Profile  University of Memphis: Profile  Austin Peay State University: Profile  University of Tennessee - Knoxville: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBelmont University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTennessee State University: Profile

P G Korea - Detergent Division Essay - 1158 Words

PG Korea Case Study The main issue of the PG Korea case is centered around the question of market share. PG and Unilever are the two major market shareholders in the Korean detergent industry holding 80-85% of the total market share. The remaining 15-20% of the market is held by low-priced local Korean brands. There are no new markets either company can tap for further market share since most Korean households already use laundry detergent, making the market saturated. Other than peripheral chemical changes claimed to be â€Å"improvements†, there are no major innovations to be explored for product development or diversification. Per Ansoff’s strategic opportunities matrix, PG and Unilever are both focused on Market Penetration,†¦show more content†¦Despite the inconsistent changes in spending from year to year, PG’s market share consistently increased between 1% and 2% every twelve months (see Figure 1). The question is, with Unilever’s actions in regards to m arketing expenditures, is the 15% increase going to be enough to restart PG’s upward growth of market share? Figure 3: Another option to consider is to increase the marketing budget beyond 15% as a direct response to Unilever’s marketing expenditure increase in 2006. This increase in marketing expenditure could also lead PG to reach the recommended 120 GRP’s in television advertising. PG could also use this extra advertising budget to strongly increase trade sales promotions in an attempt to balance out Unilever’s greatly increased trade sales promotions from the prior year. Both of these options are a demonstration of classic Game Theory behavior, both companies increasing expenses in an attempt to regain market share. Figure 4 shows how this action/reaction in the battle for market share works. When Unilever markedly increased their marketing expenditures in 2006, the result was a loss of market share and profit for PG. Therefore, without knowing if Unilever is going to continue with a strong budget for marketing in 2007, PG’s natural response is to consider also budgeting a strong increase in expenditures to hold onto current market share and profits and possibly even increasing both. Of course, the additionalShow MoreRelatedCase Study PG Sk-Ii Product in Japan and East Asia1527 Words   |  7 PagesPamp;G Japan SK-II Case Study Up to 1984, Pamp;G’s Japanese operation was a failure due to the following reasons: 1. Pamp;G did not take the time to determine the local needs based on the culture and common practices amongst the Japanese people. The product development was based on Western markets and it was assumed that it would streamline itself to other areas of the world. 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The Issue of Discrimination and Antidiscriminatory Practice Free Essays

The issue of discrimination and antidiscriminatory practice Discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person or group deemed different from ourselves or society. Discrimination derives from our prejudices towards these groups of people who we have developed negative attitudes towards. Family, friends, workplace and society can affect these attitudes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Issue of Discrimination and Antidiscriminatory Practice or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is part of your job as a social worker to fight discrimination where you find it and for this you adopt the theory of anti-discriminatory practice. Anti-discriminatory practice is the main strategy in combating discrimination. It takes into account how we behave towards other individuals. All employees in a care setting should promote this practice in the workplace as it is key to combating prejudice, in doing so they are trying to eradicate discrimination and promote equality for service users and for staff. 1. â€Å"Whatever the personal characteristics and needs of the individual, everyone has the same rights. Equality of care is a central value to all caring professions and is written into codes of practice and in the government’s patient’s charter. † Discrimination takes many different forms so carers must be vigilant. One form of discrimination that can be found in the work place is to do with gender, whereby men are favoured over women for high ranking jobs within a company. Physically disabled people face discrimination everyday when due to their condition they are unable to access facilities in their physical environment. Perhaps one of the biggest forms of prejudice in our society relates to race. People who are racially different from ourselves (e. g. coloured, Asian, Pakistani etc. ) can be deemed in some situations less desirable than a British Caucasian. They may also find it more difficult to get a job and once in this job may be met with much racial tension as with the case study below. 2. â€Å"Mr Singh had been a social worker in a local council’s children’s services department since 1991. When he became a target for racist remarks by one member of staff and complained, his manager dismissed the incidents as office banter’ and told Mr Singh to ignore them as the offender was due to retire shortly. Because of the way the complaint was handled, Mr Singh was branded a trouble maker’, and staff relations broke down. The Industrial Tribunal found that the council did nothing to put matters right. Mr Singh was awarded a total of 16,615 in compensation: 5000 for the racial discrimination he suffered and 11,615 for unfair dismissal. So in one way promoting A. D. P is an individual act, it is important that if you see malpractice happening you should take steps to put an end to it. As a care worker you are instilled with a certain degree of power and it is important that this power is used in the correct way and not abused. A. D. P is an essential practice in the profession of social care and is imperative in ensuring equality for all service users, no matter what their individual situation. Promoting it within the workplace is a duty that should be carried out by all individuals working there and is key to providing equality within the service for staff and service users. To do so staff should be well educated about the different types of discrimination and how easy it is to discriminate against som eone. Also they should be alerted to types of discrimination language and how this although seemingly small can affect people. Mainly though you should ensure that you individually are not abusing your role and be vigilant of others who may be abusing theirs. Three values that underpin A. D. P are Privacy, Dignity and worth, and the right to choices. All service users should be given the right to privacy. Be given space to themselves when they need it, a little solitude and just time to be on their own. Every person needs and deserves privacy and it is essential that this right is adhered to. Every individual should also be given their dignity, respected and made to feel they as individuals are worth this respect, in turn giving them a more self-respect. This can be especially important in moving and handling or helping with bathing etc. Another important value in A. D. P is the right to choices. This recognises the individual’s right to a choice concerning them or their welfare. Whether it be preferences in clothing or alternatives towards diet these choices should be respected. These values influence how we work in the care profession and when adhered to reduce the risk of discrimination in the workplace. Three examples of legislation which underpin A. D. P are: Sex discrimination act 1975 Disability discrimination act 1995 Race relation’s act 1976 3. â€Å"The sex discrimination act 1975 states that: Direct and indirect discrimination on the basis of gender is illegal. † It applies to both male and female and makes it illegal to discriminate in employment, education and housing etc. on the grounds of gender. It aims to ensure that neither sex is discriminated against and is key to promoting equality between sexes. 4. â€Å"The disability discrimination act 1995 defines disability and encourages employers, transport providers and others to make reasonable efforts to respond to the needs of people with disabilities. This act takes into account the needs of the disabled and enforces society to respond to their needs whether it is access or care. 5. â€Å"Race relations act 1976 made direct and indirect discrimination on the basis of race illegal. The Commission for Racial Equality was set up to implement and monitor this act. † This act made it illegal to take a person’s race into account when considering them for a job and made it illegal for people to be racially discriminated against in their workplace, promoting equality for the different races alongside ours, and helping to remove racial tension from the workplace. Each of these pieces of legislation affect how people work in the care profession, they must be taken into account and affect the service provided. They ensure to a certain degree that A. D. P is upheld and that all service users and staff are free from discrimination and ensured equality of service. However this is not always the case so it is important that with these things in mind each care worker is ever vigilant and always promoting A. D. P in the example of their own work. How to cite The Issue of Discrimination and Antidiscriminatory Practice, Papers

Steves tees Essay Example For Students

Steves tees Essay Steve decided to open his own tee- shirt shop, near a local university. He felt it was the perfect time to start his own business, due to the location and the fact that the summer Olympics were being held 55 miles away in Atlanta. Wow! What a great opportunity it was, for him to take initiative to become his own boss, gain exposure, and become profitable. The only problem was that Steve did not take into consideration any concerns with starting a business, which include: geography, a market for this product, competition/ who are the major competitors, uniqueness, etc. This all could have been done through generating information to aid in making marketing decisions. This process includes specifying what information is required, designing the method for collecting information, managing and implementing the collection of data, analyzing the results, and communicating the findings of their implications. In order to reduce the likelihood of failure, marketing research would provide the necessary information to reduce uncertainty. It helps to focus on decision making. So, prior to Steve opening the business, he should conducted exploratory research. Steve needed to acknowledge the situation, screen any and all alternatives, and discover new ideas to make his business stand apart from the competition. This research could have been conducted through focus groups, surveys, questionnaires, etc. The purpose of this marketing research is to narrow the scope of the research topic and to refine the problem into researchable form. Therefore, Steve would have been able to answer who, what, when, where, and how questions; identify the channels of distribution; and to target the market for advertising and promotions. Promotion is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. It increases company sales by communicating product information to potential customers. Unfortunately, the advertising route Steve took did not help to generate sales. Steve should have recognized the four basic parts of any promotional effort, which include personal selling, advertising, publicity, and sales promotion. Steve solely focused on advertising in selected newspapers, but he failed to realize that everyone does not read the newspaper. If he wanted the business to appeal both to the college students and to the people of the town, he should have done several different types of promotions. He could have done direct promotions, where he and an employee would go into the community and pass out flyers to gain better exposure for the business. This would help to develop some sort of personal communication of information to persuade a prospective customer to buy something. The choice of location Steve chose was not a great one. His store was near campus, but not in an area with other stores. It would have been in his best interest to open the store in an area frequently visited by tourist, due to the Olympic events. This would have been a perfect opportunity to increase profit. Many college students live on fix incomes. Some students would rather spend sixteen dollars on a party, then to buy a tee shirt. So, to make the location of the store convenient for college students was not wise. In conclusion, Steve should have taken better steps in researching his business. He did not create a business plan, which would help to develop the target markets, products/ services, marketing techniques, management, and finance. There was also no research on tee shirt shops done by Steve prior to opening the business. Although the business is not making much money at this time, it is possible to be more profitable in the future. It is important for Steve to put all necessary efforts into the business. He must dedicate more personal time, in order to increase awareness of the company. .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .postImageUrl , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:hover , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:visited , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:active { border:0!important; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:active , .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7 .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc71a17870731ed2866605355aaae36a7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Booker T Washington1 Essay In order for the business to ever succeed, Steve must put a lot more effort and faith into his idea.